15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. Deceased, 72 slaves, page 426B. Use the now-familiar process to attempt to locate your ancestor by name in the 1860 population schedule. separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were The last U.S. census slave schedules were and 1870, the South Carolina colored population only increased by 4,000, to 416,000, a 1% increase. And we might say, can we generalize? The proportions of slaves on the islands ranged from more than a third in Cuba, which went into the sugar and gang labour business on a large scale only after the local planters had gained control in 1789, to 90 percent and more on Jamaica in 1730, Antigua in 1775, and Grenada up to 1834. 10 Rolls. The History of Slavery in North America Quiz. Slave population in 1860 chart Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_census Slave Population in 1860 Map African American slaves were first enumerated in the U.S. Federal Census in 1850 in a separate census called Slave Schedules. The Curious History of Slavery in Africa | Cornell Research 181B, LEWIS, David M., 38 slaves, Galloway page 188B, LITTLEJOHN, Joseph B., 48 slaves, Harris page 211, MALONE, Dr. Ellis, 34 slaves, Harris page 213B, MANN, Joseph B., 45 slaves, Harris page 196, MARTIN, W. K., 23 slaves, Franklinton page 180, MASSENBURG, N. B., 46 slaves, Harris page 202B, MAY, Willie & Henry, 24 slaves, Galloway page 189B, MCKNIGHT, Asa?, 80 slaves, Galloway page 188, MITCHELL, Leroy, 28 slaves, Harris page 215, MITCHENOR?, Festus, 30 slaves, Galloway page 185, MOON, Wm. We give all the sources so you can expand and add to it. used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. Works Progress Administration Records, RG 44-2. The best-known slave societies were those of the circum-Caribbean world. Between 1860 and 1870, the North Carolina colored population increased by about 31,000, to and Counties, return to Home and Links Page. the first page number on which they were listed. of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. All rights reserved. The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data Names of slaves were not entered. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was Below you can see two animations comparing the density of the slave population and the density of the total population (keep in mind that the scales are different). 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. The population numbers from the 1860 census are shown below. Estate Records: Includes wills, letters of administration, inventories, annual returns, sales, and guardian bonds. Shortly after the American Civil War (18611865) began in Virginia, African Americans established and taught in schools for Virginias freed people. If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions Under the slave owners name, a line for each slave shows age, complexion, and sex. But in the two decades of the 1660s and 1670s the laws of slave ownership were clarified (for example, Africans who converted to Christianity did no longer have to be manumitted), and the price of servants may have increased because of rising wage rates in prospering England; soon thereafter African slaves replaced English indentured labourers. K., 20 slaves, Harris page 219, EDGERTON, Charles J., 47 slaves, Galloway page 189, FOSTER, Dr. P. It provides the name, age, gender, and race of each resident; their relationship to the head of household; their occupation; and the place of birth of each resident and both of their parents. The records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands are voluminous, focusing primarily on African Americans in the southern states. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population WebFederal Slave Census Schedules, 18501860 Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey (1850 only), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, and This animation shows the percentage of the population enslaved from 1790 to 1860. Slaves first were brought to Virginia in 1619. purposes. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 But of course the freedmen needed to work in the fields to keep alive, and that meant that the adults, by and large, couldn't attend the schools. It was a testimony to the thirst for education that the black population had. WebAfter the Civil War, the decennial census questionnaires were reordered and redesigned to account for end of the "slave questionnaire." These owners accounted for 33% of the total number of enslaved people. Statista. FORMER SLAVES. When looking at all of these maps together, it's noticable that even as the total number of enslaved peoples in the United States increased between 1790 and 1860, the multitudes were dispersed across the increasing expanse of the United States, rather than becoming more concentrated in areas where slavery was well established. The slave population had a different dynamic. Chart: Slave population in 1860 - Bill of Rights Institute By 1850 nearly two-thirds of the plantation slaves were engaged in the production of cotton. That's a lynching every week, more than once a week. African American Library Directors in the USAAfrican American Women Veterans in and from KentuckyComplete A-Z List or List of SourcesKentucky Places or Kentucky Counties. Owner, J. H. Hughes employer, 57 slaves, page 452B, BROWNING, T. B. City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly An excellent snapshot of schools within the county in any given year. Web15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. Slaves were of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 N. By his overseer, 108 slaves, Harris page 218, BRANCH, Wm. A., 34 slaves, Harris page 2o2B, PERSON, Willie M., 31 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PIERCE?, Archd. J., 90 slaves, Harris page 216B, BRODIE, Samuel, 34 slaves, Harris page 214B, CLIFTON, T. T., 24 slaves, Harris page 220, COOK, Jones?, 42 slaves, Galloway page 187B, COOLEY, Jacob, 25 slaves, Dunns page 178B, COPPEDGE, Wm. Georgia in 1860 https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369, African American Library Directors in the USA, African American Women Veterans in and from Kentucky, Shades of citizenship : race and the census in modern politics, Census and identity : the politics of race, ethnicity, and language in national census, Notable Kentucky African American (NKAA) Database. How Many Slaves Landed in the U.S.? - PBS This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, During the reign of King Cotton, about 40 percent of the Southern population consisted of Black slaves; the percentage of slaves rose as high as 64 percent in South Carolina in 1720 and 55 percent in Mississippi in 1810 and 1860. Because Kentucky did not secede from the Union, Kentucky slaves were freed by the ratification of the 13th Amendment. had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed Slavery 500-999 acres. These collections are available by denomination, by geographic location, and under the subject heading Afro-AmericansChurches & Synagogues. This animation shows the free African American population from 1790 to 1860. Clark County (KY) Enslaved, Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 922) reportedly includes a total of 7,076 slaves. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total The Coast Survey map of slavery was one of many maps drawn from data produced in 19th-century America. census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population The Civil War resulted in the loss of about 600,000 lives. surname. changes to County boundaries, such as the taking of part of Franklin County in 1881 for You only have access to basic statistics. such age enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves. If the surname is found, they can then view the statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. States that saw significant increases in colored population County population included 6,465 whites, 566 free colored and 7,076 slaves. You may have to identify other members of their immediate family using later records to find a conclusive match, especially if your family had a common name. Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. Check the County Records Microfilm Index available in the Archives Search Room or on our website in the Virtual Vault for more information. The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. Federal Records U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. D., 50 slaves, Harris page 207, WILLIAMS, Wm. lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate Agt., 40 slaves, page 402B, DOZIER, A. S. Roll 1230) reportedly includes a total of 24,060 slaves, which ranks as the fourth highest total in the State and the sixth M858. Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved Web, Jun 21, 2022 Throughout the history of the transatlantic slave trade, approximately 5.7 million of the 12.5 million African slaves who embarked on slave ships did so in ports ELLIOTT: Well, we decided to dig deeper by asking Richard Sutch and Susan Carter what caused such a rapid rise in literacy rates after the Civil War. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. WebSlaves names were not recorded in the U.S. Census until after the war, in 1870. WebThere were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. Federal Records that Help Identify Former A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. ", Slave Voyages, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph], Slave Voyages, January 1, 2020. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. One of the fundamental problems of history is scale: how can historians move between understanding the past in terms of a single life and in the lives of millions; within a city and at the bounds of continents; over a period of days and over the span of centuries? Below are the figures for the slave holders, enslaved, and free Blacks and Mulattoes from 1850-1870. U.S. Slavery: Timeline, Figures & Abolition | HISTORY Slavery U.S.A. 2023 University System of Georgia Slave Schedules, 1850 and 1860: On these separate Slave Schedules for 1850 and 1860, the name of each slave owner is listed with the number of slaves owned, and number of slaves manumitted (if any). Cemeteries and Churches: The Archives has a variety of church records available in original format and on microfilm. was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were For example, the Census did not count any slaves in Vermont, which abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution. had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). Subsequently, Africans were transshipped to North America from the Caribbean in increasing numbers. Where did the freed slaves go if they did not stay in the same Far fewer finding aids for these records have been created, causing access problems even when the records themselves survive. The free African American population settled primarily along the Eastern seaboard and especially in the cities of the northern United States. Initially, however, the English relied for their dependent labour primarily on indentured servants from the mother country. 5800 Jonesboro Road Ancestry.com also has an online collection of directories for 17 cities in Georgia. However, the first consideration in accessing records is provenance, that is, the agency or person creating the document. Some states also produced their own state censuses in the period between the surviving 1880 and 1900 federal censuses. WebDistribution of Slaves in 1860 In 1861, in an attempt to raise money for sick and wounded soldiers, the Census Office produced and sold a map that showed the population In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham Beginning in 1866, African-Americans are listed separately until the early 1960s. Southeast Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. Charleston County, South Carolina saw an increase in colored population of about In 1840, the slave population reached its peak of nearly 59,000 people; by 1860, there were 37,000 enslaved people, just 63 percent as many slaves as two decades earlier. and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were (January 1, 2020). But what the statistics allow us to do is see how widespread it was. They were brought in at first to mine gold, and they were shifted to silver mining or simply let go when gold was exhausted in the mid-16th century. Available on the Virtual Vault in File II Subjects and Counties. to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,184 farms of of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. Distribution of Slaves in 1860 - History - U.S. Census Bureau Two new counties have been WebThe last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research B. Uzzle? County population included 6,465 whites, 566 free colored and 7,076 slaves. P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. Owner Franklinton NC, Wm . 1966, RG 12-6, : Information on schools constructed with Jeanes, Slater and Rosenwald Funds, One Teacher Experimental Schools, workshops and teacher training programs. It should be noted however, that in comparing census data Type of taxes paid also indicate occupation and wealth. Many records for African Americans were kept separately from other records and maintained with less vigor, leading to some record loss. 3,953,760 In 1790, the first census of the United States counted 697,624 slaves. The schedules for the 1870 census were: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin Most notable in this collection are the WPA surveys of cemeteries, church records, county records, various publications, manuscript collections and the surveys of other states. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was Please note: Many of these records are found in either the Ordinary (Probate) Court or in the Superior Court, depending on the county. Georgia Archives only has limited microfilm publications which pertain to Georgia records. *Generally speaking, the regions used in the source appear to refer to ports that are or were located in the following modern countries in mainland Africa (although there is likely a lot of overlapping data between certain regions, as their borders and names became redefined throughout history); The lack of many of the records common in twentieth-century research can make research during this period quite difficult. The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, 1870 Census: First census since abolition of slavery; population of
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